May 25, 2021 – A lack of transparency in COVID-19 vaccine trials and secrecy over deals between governments and drug companies risks the success of the global pandemic response, new research from Transparency International and the University of Toronto warns.
For Whose Benefit? is an in-depth study of the development and sale of the world’s top 20 COVID-19 vaccines, including those developed by AstraZeneca, Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna.
Through detailed analysis of clinical trial data and nearly 200 contracts for vaccine sales up to March 2021, the report reveals a pattern of poor transparency and a disturbing trend of governments censoring key details of their orders from drug companies.
With recent polling showing that one third of the world’s population – 1.3 billion people – are unwilling to take a coronavirus vaccine, transparency is vital to build confidence.
Clinical trial transparency is the only way to monitor the safety and efficacy of vaccines and is a key safeguard against selective reporting of results or manipulation of data. Despite this, analysis of the 86 registered clinical trials for the top 20 vaccines reveals:
The research also highlights poor transparency in contracts between drug companies and governments. Of the handful of contracts that had been published, almost all include significant redactions of key information such as total price paid, price per dose and delivery schedules.
Analysis of 183 contracts for 12 different COVID-19 vaccines reveals:
Jonathan Cushing, Head of Transparency International’s Global Health Programme, said:
“These results make for worrying reading and carry important implications not just for the COVID-19 response, but also for future health emergencies. The lack of transparency of many clinical trials combined with the huge financial incentives for producing effective treatments leaves the door wide open for selective reporting of results or outright data manipulation. The lack of publicly accessible data creates space for misleading and potentially dangerous half-truths, disinformation, and conspiracy theories, which in turn contribute to vaccine hesitancy.
“Equally as disturbing is the lack of transparency over the contracts between governments and vaccine developers. Hiding contracts from public view or publishing documents filled with redacted text means we don’t know what governments have signed up to. Given the huge amounts of public money invested in research and development around the world, citizens have right to know everything about the vaccines their taxes helped to fund.”
We make a series of recommendations that would improve transparency, boost public confidence, and help secure the long-term success of COVID-19 response. Transparency International Global Health calls on:
National governments to adopt and enforce legislation requiring the pre-registration of all clinical trials and the publication of summary results within 12 months of their completion. All governments that have bought vaccines should also follow the lead of the United States and publish their contracts.
Vaccine developers to publish their clinical trial protocols on a publicly accessible registry (if they have not done so already). Developers should also only use media to announce clinical trial results in tandem with data analysis published in a peer-reviewed medical journal, trial registry or as a pre-print article.
Notes to editors:
Transparency International is the world’s leading independent anti-corruption organisation.
The research was conducted by Transparency International’s Global Health Programme and The World Health Organization Collaborating Centre (WHO CC) for Governance, Accountability, and Transparency in the Pharmaceutical Sector hosted at the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto.
Results of a Gallup poll published in May 2021 showed 32% of adults (1.3billion people) would not take a coronavirus vaccine. In 79 out of 117 countries surveyed, the number of people who said they were willing to be vaccinated was below 70%, the minimum estimated threshold for achieving herd immunity.
The report analysed 20 leading COVID-19 vaccines that were in, or had completed, phase 3 clinical trials as of January 11, 2021. The full list is below.
Vaccine developer | Vaccine | Vaccine developer | Vaccine |
Moderna | mRNA-1273 | Johnson & Johnson | Ad26.COV2.S |
Pfizer/BioNTech | Comirnaty (BNT162b2) | Novavax | NVX-CoV2373 |
Medicago (w/GSK adjuvant) | CoVLP | Sinovac Biotech | CoronaVac |
Anhui Zhifei Longcom | ZF2001 | Gamaleya Research Institute | Sputnik V |
Bharat Biotech | Covaxin (BBV152) | AnGes | AG0302-COVID19 |
CureVac | CVnCoV | Zydus Cadila | ZyCoV-D |
Clover Biopharmaceuticals (w/GSK adjuvant) | SCB-2019 | Vector Institute | EpiVacCorona |
Sinopharm (Beijing) | BBIBP-CorV | Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences | Unnamed Inactive Vaccine - Yunnan |
AstraZeneca | AZD1222 / Covishield (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) | Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems | QazCovid-in |
CanSino Biologics | Convidicea (Ad5-nCoV) | Sinopharm (Wuhan) | Unnamed Inactive Vaccine - Wuhan |